UP SCHOLARSHIP FOR B.TECH STUDENT

            UP SCHOLARSHIP FOR B.TECH

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for  upscholarship site  click here
 
      follow the intruction given below  for new registration  pics
    

  after clicking there fill the registration form

after filling registration form plz note your registration no. and password
  then go for  scholarship form 

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     plz  visit again for more information 

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NOBEL PRIZE ( 2017 ) ROBOSPIDER KNOWLEDGE

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 was divided, one half awarded to Rainer Weiss, the other half jointly to Barry C. Barish and Kip S. Thorne "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves".

 DATE= 4 October 2017

1- Rainer Weiss - Facts=

     Rainer Weiss

Born: 1932, Berlin, Germany

Affiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA

Prize motivation: "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"

  PRIZE SHARE = 1/2

2- Barry C. Barish - Facts=

  Barry C. Barish

Born: 1936, Omaha, NE, USA

Affiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA

Prize motivation: "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"

 PRIZE SHARE= 1\4

3- Kip S. Thorne - Facts=

       Kip S. Thorne

Born: 1940, Logan, UT, USA

Affiliation at the time of the award: LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA

Prize motivation: "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"

PRIZE SHARE =1\4

   

        The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017

   DATE =  4 October 2017

 Prize in Chemistry 2017 to

Jacques Dubochet
University of Lausanne, Switzerland

Joachim Frank
Columbia University, New York, USA

and

Richard Henderson
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK

"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution"

                         HISTORY 

Cool microscope technology revolutionises biochemistry

     We may soon have detailed images of life’s complex machineries in atomic resolution. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 is awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson for the development of cryo-electron microscopy, which both simplifies and improves the imaging of biomolecules. This method has moved biochemistry into a new era.

A picture is a key to understanding. Scientific breakthroughs often build upon the successful visualisation of objects invisible to the human eye. However, biochemical maps have long been filled with blank spaces because the available technology has had difficulty generating images of much of life’s molecular machinery. Cryo-electron microscopy changes all of this. Researchers can now freeze biomolecules mid-movement and visualise processes they have never previously seen, which is decisive for both the basic understanding of life’s chemistry and for the development of pharmaceuticals.

Electron microscopes were long believed to only be suitable for imaging dead matter, because the powerful electron beam destroys biological material. But in 1990, Richard Henderson succeeded in using an electron microscope to generate a three-dimensional image of a protein at atomic resolution. This breakthrough proved the technology’s potential.

Joachim Frank made the technology generally applicable. Between 1975 and 1986 he developed an image processing method in which the electron microscope’s fuzzy twodimensional images are analysed and merged to reveal a sharp three-dimensional structure.

Jacques Dubochet added water to electron microscopy. Liquid water evaporates in the electron microscope’s vacuum, which makes the biomolecules collapse. In the early 1980s, Dubochet succeeded in vitrifying water – he cooled water so rapidly that it solidified in its liquid form around a biological sample, allowing the biomolecules to retain their natural shape even in a vacuum.

Following these discoveries, the electron microscope’s every nut and bolt have been optimised. The desired atomic resolution was reached in 2013, and researchers can now routinely produce three-dimensional structures of biomolecules. In the past few years, scientific literature has been filled with images of everything from proteins that cause antibiotic resistance, to the surface of the Zika virus. Biochemistry is now facing an explosive development and is all set for an exciting future.

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